viernes, 21 de septiembre de 2012

Stephen King, mientras escribe

Un 21 de septiembre, en 1947, nació el escritor estadounidense Stephen King, a quien sin duda todos conocemos por sus novelas de suspenso y terror, como El resplandor, Cementerio de animales e It.

Pero además de estos libros (y decenas de otros, casi todos best sellers) King es autor de un libro notable y particular: un tratado informal y divertido, pero muy útil y motivador, sobre el oficio de escribir.


En Mientras escribo, King analiza en detalle cómo hay que usar el lenguaje para lograr textos claros, vívidos y atractivos, con independencia de su género o propósito. Se refiere al vocabulario, a la gramática, a los buenos y los malos hábitos para escribir, y finalmente da una serie de recomedaciones, que son una una mejor que la otra.

Uno de esos tips: no contar si se puede mostrar. Y lo ejemplifica con el caso de Misery, su novela de 1987 (la película, también buena, fue dirigida por Rob Reiner en 1990).

Misery gira en torno a la relación entre la enfermera Annie Wilkes y el escritor Paul Sheldon. Annie es una lectora obsesionada por las historias de Paul, que de un día para el otro tiene la posibilidad de tener a Paul a su cuidado. La historia va creciendo en horror a medida que tanto el protagonista como los lectores vamos comprendiendo que Annie no tiene intenciones de dejar que Paul se recupere y siga con su vida. De la compleja personalidad de Annie depende, entonces, todo en la historia. Por eso, King pensó muy bien cómo presentarla, y aquí comparte la trastienda de sus decisiones:
Annie Wilkes, la enfermera que tiene prisionero a Paul Sheldon en Misery, parecerá una psicópata, pero hay que tener en cuenta que ella se ve como una persona cuerda y sensata; de hecho, se considera una heroína, una mujer con muchos problemas que intenta sobrevivir en un mundo hostil. La vemos experimentar cambios de humor peligrosos, pero hice lo posible por evitar pronunciarme con frases como "Annie amaneció deprimida, y quizá hasta con pulsiones suicidas", o "Parecía que Annie tuviera un mejor día de lo habitual". Si tengo que decirlo, salgo perdiendo. Gano, en cambio, si puedo enseñar a una mujer callada y con el pelo sucio, devoradora compulsiva de galletas y caramelos, y lograr que el lector deduzca de Annie que se halla en la fase de depresión de un ciclo maníaco-depresivo. Y si puedo comunicar la perspectiva del mundo de Annie, aunque sea brevemente (si puedo hacer entender su locura), quizá consiga que el lector simpatice con ella, e incluso que se identifique. ¿Resultado? Que da más miedo que nunca, porque se aproxima más a la realidad.
Este de King es un libro que vale oro para aprender tanto a escribir ficción como no ficción.

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